Altitude Sickness During Mountain Hunts: Prevention and Management

Altitude Sickness During Mountain Hunts: Prevention and Management

Mountain hunts are one of the most exhilarating activities for nature lovers and adrenaline seekers. But they’re not for everyone... Our offerings include hunts in remote and high-altitude areas, and we are well aware of the challenges associated with hunting at high elevations. One of the biggest risks that hunters may face during mountain adventures is altitude sickness. This blog provides useful information on how to prevent this condition and how to manage it if it occurs.

 

Why is there less oxygen at higher altitudes?

Before we dive into altitude sickness itself, it's important to understand why there is less oxygen at higher altitudes. Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, meaning that air molecules (including oxygen molecules) are more dispersed. Above 2,500 meters, the atmospheric pressure is significantly lower, which means that even though the oxygen content in the air remains the same (about 21%), the oxygen pressure decreases. This means that with each breath, you inhale less oxygen, which can lead to a lack of oxygen in the body, the main cause of altitude sickness. The pressure at the same altitude can vary depending on the weather. In areas with low-pressure systems, cloudy weather often prevails, frequently accompanied by precipitation.

 

Altitude Zones (0 – 8,849 m)

People can develop altitude sickness at elevations as low as around 2,500 meters, typically within 6 to 24 hours of exposure.

• Safe Zone: 0 - 2,000 m
  No symptoms of altitude sickness are observed in these altitudes.
• Complete Compensation Zone: 2,000 - 4,000 m
  The body can adapt here. People live long-term in these elevations and have established settlements. Hunters, after spending some time in these altitudes, experience an increase in red blood cells and overall acclimatize to the altitude.
• Incomplete Compensation Zone: 4,000 - 7,000 m
  Permanent acclimatization is possible only up to approximately 5,300 meters. Above this altitude, the body cannot fully adapt. The highest permanently inhabited town is La Rinconada in Peru, at 5,100 meters.
• Critical Zone: Above 7,000 m
  Altitudes above 8,000 meters are known as the “Death Zone.”

 

What is Altitude Sickness?

Altitude sickness, also known as Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), is a medical condition that can occur when a person quickly ascends to higher altitudes where there is less oxygen. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and include:

• Headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue and weakness
• Dizziness
• Sleep disturbances

In severe cases, altitude sickness can lead to cerebral edema (HACE) or pulmonary edema (HAPE), which can be life-threatening. Ataxia, a lack of coordination, is one of the most concerning symptoms. It can be detected with a simple test of walking in a straight line—if the person repeatedly steps off the line, the test is positive.

 

Prevention of Altitude Sickness

We recommend several steps to minimize the risk of altitude sickness during your hunt:

• Gradual Acclimatization: The best prevention is gradual acclimatization. We recommend gradually exposing yourself to higher altitudes before your hunt so that your body adapts to the lower oxygen levels.
• Proper Hydration: Hydration is key. Altitude sickness can be worsened by dehydration, so it’s important to drink plenty of water.
• Avoid Alcohol and Smoking: Alcohol and smoking can worsen the symptoms of altitude sickness, so it’s best to avoid them.
• Moderate Physical Activity: Physical exertion should be gradual, especially during the first days after arriving at a high altitude. Intense physical activity can exacerbate altitude sickness symptoms.
• Medication: If you know you are prone to altitude sickness, consider taking preventive medications like acetazolamide, which helps speed up acclimatization.

 

Managing Altitude Sickness During the Hunt

If symptoms of altitude sickness appear despite prevention efforts, it’s important to know how to respond:

• Rest and Hydration: If mild symptoms occur, reduce physical activity and ensure adequate hydration. Symptoms usually subside after one to two days as the body adjusts to the altitude.
• Descend to a Lower Altitude: If symptoms worsen, it is essential to immediately descend to a lower altitude. Even a slight decrease in elevation can significantly improve the condition.
• Supplemental Oxygen: In severe cases, a portable oxygen device may be necessary, which can quickly relieve symptoms.
• Medical Assistance: If symptoms persist or worsen, medical help is crucial. At HEMING, we always recommend insurance for emergency evacuation cases.
• Oxygen masks, hyperbaric bags (pressure chambers), urgent descent by helicopter, Dexamethasone, and possibly Nifedipine are essential. Interestingly, medications like Viagra (Sildenafil) or Cialis (Tadalafil) can also help.

 

Frequently Asked Questions About Altitude Sickness

1. Can I prevent altitude sickness if I've had symptoms before?
   Yes, acclimatization and gradual ascent are key. Taking preventive medications can also help.
2. How long does it take for the body to acclimatize to higher altitudes?
   The acclimatization process usually takes 1 to 3 days at around 2,500 meters, with each additional 600-900 meters possibly requiring another day of acclimatization.
3. Is altitude sickness the same for everyone?
   No, the reaction to altitude is individual. Some may struggle even at relatively low elevations, while others handle high altitudes without issues.
4. What if I develop altitude sickness during the hunt?
   See the recommendations for dealing with this condition. We ensure that our guides are equipped and knowledgeable in first aid to provide immediate assistance if needed.
5. If I'm in excellent physical condition, will I have fewer symptoms of altitude sickness?
   No. Physical fitness and altitude sickness are not related.
6. I've heard that highly trained tourists are even more likely to get altitude sickness. Is that true?
   Yes, surprisingly, it is. They often ascend too quickly and have more muscle mass, which consumes more oxygen.
7. Does that mean I shouldn’t train?
   No. Training is important and should be systematic. You can apply your training while preparing for other mountains. Even highly trained trekkers need to follow clear guidelines at high altitudes.
8. Older people are said to have a higher chance of getting altitude sickness. Is that true?
   No, this is a myth. Paradoxically, men under 30 have the worst success rates when climbing high peaks.

 

Conclusion

Altitude sickness is a serious risk during high-altitude hunts, but with proper preparation and prevention, it can be avoided or at least minimized. We have a seasoned team that will guide you through a safe and unforgettable mountain hunt, ensuring that you are prepared for all the challenges of high altitudes.

If you have any further questions about altitude sickness or mountain hunts, don’t hesitate to contact us. We are here to help you prepare for your adventure and ensure that you can focus on what you love—hunting in beautiful mountain nature.